Highlander

Most here will know all this – but for those who don’t, here is the short story of Scotch snuff with some trade cards and effigies for illustration.

Rappee was the snuff of Englishmen whereas the Scots favoured high-dried finer milled snuff or sneshin which was consumed in vast quantities.

An anecdotal story from A Critical Essay of Snuff follows: A Highlander, asked what would be his three wishes, replied: ‘A mull as big as Loch Lomond full o’ sneshin; as much whisky as there is water in the loch and’ – and after a long pause ‘mare sneshin’.

During the course of the 18th century high-dried or Scotch snuff (as it was called) became popular throughout the British Isles. An establishment where Scotch snuff was sold was often indicated by a picture of a kilted and bonneted Scothman on a trade card, or an effigy of the same standing outside the shop itself. ‘Brown Scotch’ snuff such as S.P. differs from high-dried Scotch in that it contains more moisture occasioned by increased liquoring when laying down a parcel. Demigros Brown Scotch (to use the technically correct nomenclature) now accounts for most snuffs made in England, but by the regency of George IV Brown Scotch was usually referred to simply as Scotch although the description is rarely used now outside the USA where its meaning seems, perhaps, to have been altered.

The notice under the Highlander outside the Mullins & Westley shop says:

‘The figure of a Highlander holding a flask of snuff was an indication that the shop sold Scottish snuff. The 18th century laws which forbade the use of overhead projecting signs because of the danger presented to passing traffic left tobacco traders unaffected as their traditional emblems, carved figures, stood at the shop entrance’.





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Being someone who has some first-hand experience with American Scotch snuffs, I can tell you that the closest current production British snuffs that could be compared to them would be F&T High Dry Toast and WoS Irish No. 22, although even then American Scotch snuffs are, on the whole, usually ground even finer, are even drier (if that is even possible!), and are much smokier (high proportion of dark-fired leaf, or more likely stem). Both legally, that is to say in relation to taxation and government regulation of labeling and such like, and culturally these products are classed as “dry snuff,” in distinction to “moist snuff” (which is colloquially referred to as “dip” by many Americans users).

They come in both plain and sweet versions, with the sweet versions by far being the most commonly found and popular at the retail level. Why is that the case? Well, interestingly enough these dry snuffs are not usually used nasally but rather are used orally (“dipped” in the colloquial), particularly in certain parts of the American South and mid-Atlantic states, where they can be fairly easily found (although they are nearly impossible to find most everywhere else). Reference to their intended oral use is commonly seen on period advertising back when tobacco advertising was still allowed, as well as in some of the brand names (e.g., Dental) and in the marketing pitch lines (e.g., “sweet as honey” for Honey Bee Snuff; “sweet as a peach” for Sweet Peach Snuff). Nowadays, this oral use of Scotch snuffs is really only associated with older folks (75+ range being the last generation using them that way, really), and mostly only women (older Southern men use loose-leaf tobacco, “chew,” tobacco plug or twist, or dip, the latter being by far the most common).

While they are rare outside of certain areas, I can just about guarantee that if you speak to someone of a certain age (at least 30+) who grew up in those areas of the American South or mid-Atlantic (the only places these snuffs can normally be found nowadays for sale), that they would quite likely be familiar with the practice of the oral use of these snuffs by a grandmother, great-grandmother, great aunt, or other such women in their families or relations. To this day, the tubs they come in carry the same warning labels as other oral tobacco products do (e.g., “may cause mouth cancer…” et cetera). That is a relic of their primary use when those labeling laws first came into effect.

Here is a great example from a stand-up comedian from the American South discussing this exact association between older Southern women and Scotch snuff. It is well worth a watch (I realize the accent might be a bit much for your ears, but is still probably easier for you to understand than how some of the more working class British accents sound to us here on the other side of the pond). On my authenticity meter, this registers at 100%:

That said, there is certainly a consciousness among the younger generations that these snuffs can be used nasally (and they are), but it is seen as a bit of a niche thing or a novelty. I’ve tried them both ways. Orally, they are horrible. I much prefer Swedish snus, or in a pinch a good quality higher-end American moist snuff. Nasally, they are alright, but an exceedingly poor value (quadruple or more the price per weight of European snuffs ordered from Mr. Snuff or Toque), and while some of them pack a punch, the plain ones at least all tend to be rather monochromatic and uninteresting: dark-fired leaf (or, more probably mostly stem) and that’s about it.

They are produced by manufacturers that produce other tobacco products, like popular dips (American Snuff Co., ASC, for example), and there is a common perception among dippers and the like that they are made from the floor sweeping / waste / scrap of the manufacturer’s primary products (which might not be too far off the mark, given the clearly very high proportion of stem material in many of them).

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Thank you for taking the time to write an interesting account of American snuff. A book on The Manufacture and History of Snuff by Imperial Tobacco published in 1979 claims that the USA accounts for an average of 26 million pounds of snuff per annum which seems excessive by the standards of today.

I wondered about American Scotch and why it’s called Scotch in the USA. Accounts sometimes claim that it is to do with toasting or more specifically ‘scorching’ or whatever is done to give what has been described as BBQ flavour for some brands - hence Scotch.

On their website, Wilsons of Sharrow plagiarised (since removed) a paragraph from page 527 ‘Health & Drugs: Disease, Prescription and Medication’ by Nicolae Sfetcu which is potentially misleading. It says:

‘Snuff is a generic term for fine ground smokeless tobacco products. Originally the term referred only to dry snuff, a fine tan dust popular mainly in the 18th century. This is often called “Scotch Snuff”, a folk-etymology derivation of the scorching process used to dry the cured tobacco by the factory.’

It seems that meaning of the original word ‘Scotch’ (after Scotchman) has been changed by popular usage in the USA into referring to something quite different. That’s what the author means by ‘folk-etymology.

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Some more Highlanders. The effigy once stood in the entrance to J&H Wilsons but I can’t recall now where they acquired it. Originally it would have stood outside a shop door. I particularly like the third picture.

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scottish_lion - Copy


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There is a legend that when the Black Watch (The 42nd Royal Highland Regiment of Foot) first arrived in London, they were still trying to find their favorite “powder”. When they finally managed to find a place where the kind of snuff they wanted was available, the seller put a figurine of a Scottish highlander in front of the shop. This was intended to signal that the owner had gained the regiment’s approval.

Source: The Scotish Gaël: volume 2, James Logan, 1831, pp. 159-160

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I wonder if the naming had something to do with the Scottish merchants that exported Virginia tobacco to Europe in the 1700’s.

I think I saw it on a YouTube video too, but I can’t seem to find it at the moment.

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The 1707 Act of Union allowed Scottish business access to English overseas markets. The so-called ‘Tobacco Lords’ based in Glasgow eventually accounted for more tobacco imports from America than all other British ports combined. The vast scale of Scottish high-dried snuff manufacture soon found ready markets in England, marketed as ‘Scotch’.

As an after thought: Most UK posters here know how Thomas Harrison brought from Scotland, by pack-horse and wagon trails, the machinery built c.1742 and reassembled in Kendal in 1792. It was still in use around 273 years later when Samuel Gawith was dissolved – a triumph of Scottish engineering as so few components were ever replaced or repaired during its centuries of service.

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